Credit: National Institutes of Health
这项研究结果于6月15日以“Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams”为题发表在Science杂志,Toyama大学的Kaoru Inokuchi博士为论文通讯作者。
具体来说,研究人员将小鼠暴露在听觉恐惧条件下,在这种条件下,音调与(小鼠)足部的震动有关这是因为听觉皮层(auditory cortex,AC)与内侧膝状体(medial geniculate nucleus,MGm)神经元末端和外侧杏仁核(lateral amygdala,LA)神经元之间的突触可塑性介导了这种联系。
在将小鼠设计为完全逆行失忆后,研究人员发现,LA中AC和MGm激活的集合终端(ensemble terminals)的光遗传刺激未能诱导(小鼠)对恐惧记忆的回忆,这表明记忆印记不再存在于该回路中。研究人员认为,这一结果与重新设定突触强度和engram细胞组合的功能连接有关。
Figure 1: Complete retrograde amnesia
Mice were exposed to auditory (7 kHz) fear conditioning. They received injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or anisomycin or anisomycin+tat-beclin (Ani+tBC), after recalling the memory (test 1). PBS-treated mice showed higher freezing response while anisomycin-treated mice showed partial decrease in the freezing response (partial retrograde amnesia), whereas Ani+tBC induced complete retrograde amnesia (test 2). Optogenetic activation of the neurons, storing the 7kHz fear memory, induced freezing in the PBS and anisomycin groups, while the Ani+tBC group continued to show complete retrograde amnesia (test 3).
接下来,研究人员又将小鼠的恐惧调节为两种不同的音调,音调之间间隔5小时。以使得两个记忆轨迹在LA中相互作用并重叠。结果发现,给定恐惧记忆的完全逆行遗忘并不影响小鼠在共同合群中编码的关联的恐惧记忆,这表明记忆存储在特定的突触中。
最后,研究人员讨论了每个记忆如何在共享集合中保留其独立身份的问题。他们使用光学长期抑制(LTD)来降低特定记忆突触的突触效能。研究人员解释道,特定于一个记忆的突触可塑性的减弱,解构了engram组合之间的特定连接,从而只影响该记忆的回忆,而不影响同一神经元群中的连接记忆。因此,共享engram细胞是记忆之间联系的基础,而突触特异性的可塑性则保证了个体记忆的同一性和储存性。
Figure 2: Synaptic plasticity between engram assemblies is necessary for fear memory storage
Mice were exposed to two auditory fear conditioning, separated by 5 hours. Both memories were encoded by shared neurons in the lateral amygdala while they were encoded by different neurons in the auditory cortex. Mice showed freezing behavior in response to 7kHz and 2kHz tones.Induction of optical long term depotentiation (LTD) to synapses specific to 7kHz fear memory, erased only that memory (test 3) without affecting the other memory (test 4) that was stored in shared neuron ensemble.总结来说,这项研究表明,突触特异性可塑性对于联想性恐惧记忆的储存是必要和充分的,它保证了记忆痕迹的独特性,倡导可塑性作为恐惧记忆印迹的基底;此外,研究团队通过以突触特定的方式重置可塑性,在不影响共享集合中存储的其他记忆的情况下,实现了从engram细胞群中选择性和完全擦除恐惧记忆。这有助于更好地理解记忆储存的机制,并有助于洞察治疗创伤后应激障碍的治疗方法。
责编:浮苏
参考文献:
Synapse-specific plasticity governs the identity of overlapping memory traces