导读：在我们生活中的一些常见食物，例如方便面、薯片、饼干、芝麻糊、奶油、花生酱、起酥面包、低档巧克力、珍珠奶茶、咖啡伴侣等各种高度加工和煎炸食品都含有反式脂肪酸。现在美国研究者发现，反式脂肪酸摄取过多，会使人变得易怒、冲动、更易攻击人。
反式脂肪酸含量高的食品
近日，来自加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥医学院的研究者通过对各年龄段的男性、女性，以及高加索人进行研究，研究者表示饮食中的反式脂肪酸（dTFAs）的摄取和人的易怒、冲动、更易攻击人有关。研究者Beatrice Golomb通过对将近1000个摄取dTFAs人（男性和女性）进行研究，发现他们更容易急躁甚至会会影响别人，包括主动攻击别人。这项研究于近日刊登在了国际杂志PLoS One上。
饮食中的反式脂肪酸主要是氢化作用的产物，dTFAs在常温下可以变成固体不饱和的油脂类，而且在人造黄油、起酥油和速食品中含量比较高，反式脂肪酸引起的负面健康影响主要表现在影响脂类水平、代谢功能、胰岛素抗性、氧化、炎症和心脏病。研究小组对945个成年男性和女性的基本饮食信息进行分析和对其行为进行评估，来研究反式脂肪酸和易怒、过激行为之间的关系，调查中包括一些因素，比如有无过激行为的历史、冲突以及自我的厌烦和敏感。
Golomb表示，通过测试，他们发现高水平的反式脂肪酸含量明显和易攻击性（冲突）有关系，而且更容易导致持续性的易怒和容易攻击人的表现，如果反式脂肪酸和攻击行为之间确实有某种关系的话，我们就可以提醒大家尽量避免食用反式脂肪酸或者含反式脂肪酸的食物，比如在学校和监狱中给大家提出一些建议。因为反式脂肪酸的负面效应，我们每一个人都应该避免食用或者少食用，以免影响别人。
Trans Fat Consumption and Aggression
Beatrice A. Golomb, Marcella A. Evans, Halbert L. White, Joel E. Dimsdale
Background Dietary trans fatty acids (dTFA) are primarily synthetic compounds that have been introduced only recently; little is known about their behavioral effects. dTFA inhibit production of omega-3 fatty acids, which experimentally have been shown to reduce aggression. Potential behavioral effects of dTFA merit investigation. We sought to determine whether dTFA are associated with aggression/irritability.
Methodolgy/Prinicpal Findings We capitalized on baseline dietary and behavioral assessments in an existing clinical trial to analyze the relationship of dTFA to aggression. Of 1,018 broadly sampled baseline subjects, the 945 adult men and women who brought a completed dietary survey to their baseline visit are the target of this analysis. Subjects (seen 1999–2004) were not on lipid medications, and were without LDL-cholesterol extremes, diabetes, HIV, cancer or heart disease. Outcomes assessed adverse behaviors with impact on others: Overt Aggression Scale Modified-aggression subscale (primary behavioral endpoint); Life History of Aggression; Conflict Tactics Scale; and self-rated impatience and irritability. The association of dTFA to aggression was analyzed via regression and ordinal logit, unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age, education, alcohol, and smoking). Additional analyses stratified on sex, age, and ethnicity, and examined the prospective association. Greater dTFA were strongly significantly associated with greater aggression, with dTFA more consistently predictive than other assessed aggression predictors. The relationship was upheld with adjustment for confounders, was preserved across sex, age, and ethnicity strata, and held cross-sectionally and prospectively.
Conclusions/Significance This study provides the first evidence linking dTFA with behavioral irritability and aggression. While confounding is always a concern in observational studies, factors including strength and consistency of association, biological gradient, temporality, and biological plausibility add weight to the prospect of a causal connection. Our results may have relevance to public policy determinations regarding dietary trans fats.
文献链接：https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032175
